China ’ s Sunwoda faces a potentially devastating legal challenge after its battery unit was sued by VREMT, a powertrain affiliate of automaker Geely Holding Group, demanding about $330 million in compensation for alleged defective battery cells.
The dispute, disclosed on Friday, has rattled the domestic new energy vehicle ( NEV ) supply chain and triggered broader unease among automakers and investors.
According to a regulatory filing on Friday, Sunwoda ’ s subsidiary Sunwoda Electric Vehicle Battery Co. Ltd. ( Sunwoda EVB ) was served legal papers by the Ningbo Intermediate People ’ s Court on Dec. 26 after VREMT filed a civil complaint alleging that cells delivered between June 2021 and December 2023 contained quality defects that caused financial losses. VREMT is seeking 2.314 billion yuan ( about $330 million ) plus interest, according to the filing.CnEVPost
The lawsuit pits two previously close partners against one another and underscores rising tensions within China ’ s competitive EV battery ecosystem, where margins are thin, and trust between automakers and suppliers is paramount.
Sunwoda is widely recognized as one of China ’ s leading "second tier" battery manufacturers, behind industry giants Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd ( CATL ) and BYD. Other peers include EVE Energy and Gotion High Tech. Sunwoda won business from several major automakers by offering flexible supply terms and competitive pricing as China ’ s EV sales surged. Its client list has included Toyota partners, Li Auto, XPeng, Xiaomi, Volkswagen, and Dongfeng, among others, making it a key piece in efforts to diversify supply beyond dominant incumbents.
VREMT, founded in 2013 and affiliated with Geely Holding Group, focuses on EV powertrain development and supplies battery systems for high end vehicles under brands such as Zeekr, Volvo, Smart and Lotus. Although the VREMT name is not widely known to consumers, it plays a strategic role in Geely ’ s electrification plans.CnEVPost+1
The filing marks a rapid escalation of a commercial dispute that could have far reaching implications for confidence in Sunwoda ’ s products, given the scale of its customer base and the safety critical nature of battery cells.
The amount sought in the lawsuit nearly equals Sunwoda ’ s combined net profits for the 2023 and 2024 fiscal years, highlighting the potential scale of disruption. While Sunwoda ’ s revenue has climbed sharply alongside booming EV demand, its profitability has remained modest — a perennial challenge for second tier producers operating under pressure from larger rivals.
Industry sources say power battery makers typically operate on very thin margins, meaning a single major claim or bad debt can quickly erode earnings. Sunwoda ’ s strategy over recent years emphasized volume and market share over margin, an approach that helped it win contracts but left it financially vulnerable.
"The lawsuit exposes Sunwoda ’ s weak profitability and limited financial buffer," said an automotive industry analyst. "A claim of this size could wipe out years of hard earned profits."
Beyond the immediate financial cost, the reputational damage is likely to be more disruptive, analysts say. Automakers build long term confidence in battery suppliers over years of testing and validation; a quality dispute with a close client like VREMT raises broader doubts among other customers.
In the tightly controlled automotive supply chain, where safety and reliability are critical, a public allegation of quality flaws could affect Sunwoda ’ s relationships with other major clients, irrespective of any eventual court ruling.
Automakers that have relied on Sunwoda for cost effective battery supplies may now reassess their procurement strategies. Li Auto and Xiaomi, two of China ’ s most prominent EV makers, have both sourced batteries from Sunwoda for key models.
For Li Auto, whose brand is built around the concept of family safety, any perception of battery quality risk could pose reputational and commercial risks. Xiaomi Auto, a newer entrant to the EV industry under the high profile consumer electronics brand, also depends on supplier credibility in its efforts to win customers ’ trust.
In the automotive supply chain, major quality disputes frequently trigger automakers to activate "Plan B" supplier arrangements to insulate themselves from risk. Analysts say this often translates into a reduction of future orders, with volume shifting toward larger, more established battery makers like CATL and BYD or to other Chinese second tier producers such as EVE Energy.
"This kind of implicit repositioning by automakers — quietly reallocating orders — can be more damaging than outright contract cancellations," said a senior procurement specialist at a Chinese auto firm.
The lawsuit also casts doubt on Sunwoda EVB ’ s long anticipated initial public offering ( IPO ) . Company plans for a spin off listing had been in progress as EV battery revenues surged. But a major quality dispute, now in public view, may deter investors and complicate due diligence processes. A high profile legal risk could push potential underwriting banks to delay or rethink the IPO timetable, analysts said.
Sunwoda Power Technology, which holds major battery production assets, saw explosive revenue growth in the early 2020s. Between 2020 and 2022, its revenue jumped from under 500 million yuan to nearly 13 billion yuan — a performance cited by the company when promoting its listing plan. An IPO had been expected to unlock capital for research, capacity expansion and debt reduction.
Now, with legal risk front and center and global markets entering a more cautious phase, the company ’ s window for a favorable listing may be narrowing.
Sunwoda ’ s predicament reflects broader pressures on second tier battery manufacturers in China. CATL and BYD dominate market share, leaving smaller producers to compete primarily on price. This dynamic compresses profit margins and elevates operational risk.
Analysts say VREMT ’ s lawsuit could trigger stricter quality scrutiny across the battery supply chain. Automakers and Tier 1 integrators may expand testing regimes, demand tougher contractual protections, and accelerate diversification to reduce dependency on any single supplier.
"The industry is already squeezing margins," said a Beijing based EV industry consultant. "Now quality assurance and risk management are going to move to the top of the agenda. Suppliers with weaker financials or inconsistent quality controls will struggle to survive."
Sunwoda ’ s ability to withstand the lawsuit, maintain customer trust and keep its strategic plans on track will be pivotal for its future. The company must now navigate legal defense, reassure key clients and manage investor confidence — all under heightened public scrutiny.
Should Sunwoda prevail in court, the company will still face the hard task of repairing its credibility and securing commercial stability. Conversely, if the court rules in favor of VREMT, the financial and reputational damage could be profound, with consequences reverberating through the supply chains of multiple automakers.
China ’ s NEV sector has entered a more mature phase, with competition intensifying and market participants increasingly prioritizing reliability alongside cost. The VREMT lawsuit underscores the fragility of supplier relationships in this environment and highlights the stakes for companies operating on thin financial margins.
For Sunwoda, the coming months will be critical. How it responds ma determine whether it remains a competitive force in China ’ s EV battery market or becomes an early casualty of an industry now focused more sharply on quality, risk control and supply chain resilience.
